/* ========================================
   IMPORTS & FONTS
   ======================================== */

/* Google Fonts imports for typography
   - Red Hat Display: Used for headings and branding (weight 900 only)
   - Source Code Pro: Used for body text and code-like elements (full weight range) */
@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Red+Hat+Display:wght@900&display=swap');
@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Source+Code+Pro:ital,wght@0,200..900;1,200..900&display=swap');

/* Utility class for Red Hat Display font (black weight) */
.red-hat-display-black {
    font-family: "Red Hat Display", serif;
    font-optical-sizing: auto;
    font-weight: 900;
    font-style: normal;
}

/* Utility class for Source Code Pro font (regular weight) */
.source-code-pro-regular {
    font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;
    font-optical-sizing: auto;
    font-weight: 400;
    font-style: normal;
}

/* ========================================
   CSS VARIABLES & THEMES
   ======================================== */

/* THEME CONTRACT:
   Defines the semantic color variables used throughout the site.
   These variables enable easy theme switching and maintain consistency.
   
   --main-accent: Primary branding color for headers, borders, and CTA buttons.
   --hover-highlight: Interaction color; must maintain high contrast against backgrounds.
   --background: The primary canvas color.
   --background-secondary: Used for section alternating and card backgrounds.
   --base-text: Primary text color for body content.
   --image-background: Background color for image containers.
   --border: Border color for UI elements.
   --table-*: Specific variables for table styling to ensure proper contrast.
*/

/* Light theme (default)
   Applied to :root and explicitly to [data-bs-theme="light"] for Bootstrap compatibility */
:root,
[data-bs-theme="light"]{
    --background: #f9fafb; /* Light gray - main background */
    --background-secondary: #d7e1ec; /* Lighter blue-gray - for cards and alternating sections */
    --base-text: #1f2933; /* Dark gray - primary text color */
    --image-background: #ffffff; /* White - for image containers */
    --main-accent: #2a3c4b; /* Dark blue-gray - primary accent color */
    --border: #d0d5db; /* Light gray - border color */
    --hover-highlight: #5a8ab8; /* Medium blue - hover/interaction color */
    --table-header-background: #2a3c4b;
    --table-header-text: #f9fafb;
    --table-body-background: #f9fafb;
    --table-body-text: #1f2933;
}

/* Dark theme
   Activated when [data-bs-theme="dark"] is set on html/body element */
[data-bs-theme="dark"]{
    --background: #0d1b2a; /* Very dark blue - main background */
    --background-secondary: #1b2b41; /* Dark blue - for cards and alternating sections */
    --base-text: #f0f4f8; /* Light gray - primary text color */
    --image-background: #0a0a0a; /* Near black - for image containers */
    --main-accent: #a9d6e5; /* Light blue - primary accent color */
    --border: #3a4f63; /* Medium blue-gray - border color */
    --hover-highlight: #ffbf00; /* Amber/yellow - hover/interaction color */
    --table-header-background: #1b2b41;
    --table-header-text: #a9d6e5;
    --table-body-background: #3a4f63;
    --table-body-text: #f0f4f8;
}

/* ========================================
   GLOBAL STYLES
   ======================================== */

/* Base body styling
   Uses !important to ensure theme background is applied over Bootstrap defaults */
body{ 
    background-color: var(--background) !important; 
}

/* Typography - Headings
   All headings use Red Hat Display font and main accent color for consistency */
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5{
    font-family: "Red Hat Display";
    color: var(--main-accent) !important;
}

/* Main page heading - extra top padding for visual spacing */
h1{ padding-top: 10%;}

/* Secondary headings - minimal top margin, small top padding */
h2{ margin-top: 0%; padding-top: 1.5%;}

/* Lists - inherit base text color */
ul{ color: var(--base-text);}

/* List items - use Source Code Pro for monospace aesthetic */
li{ font-family: "Source Code Pro"; }

/* Paragraphs - body text styling */
p{
    font-family: "Source Code Pro";
    color: var(--base-text);
}

/* Links - use main accent color, change to hover highlight on interaction */
a{ color: var(--main-accent) !important; }
a:hover{ color: var(--hover-highlight) !important; }

/* Bold text - maintain Source Code Pro font */
b{ font-family: "Source Code Pro"; }

/* Blockquotes - maintain Source Code Pro font for consistency */
blockquote{
    font-family: "Source Code Pro";
}

/* Buttons - ensure consistent font family */
.btn{
    font-family: "Source Code Pro" !important;
}

/* Primary button - filled style with accent color */
.btn-primary {
    background-color: var(--main-accent);
    border-color: var(--main-accent) !important;
    color: var(--background) !important;
}

/* Primary button hover - inverted style (transparent background, accent text) */
.btn-primary:hover {
    background-color: transparent;
    color: var(--main-accent) !important;
}

/* Outline primary button - transparent with accent border */
.btn-outline-primary{
    background-color: transparent;
    border-color: var(--main-accent) !important;
    color: var(--main-accent) !important;
}

/* Outline primary button hover - filled style */
.btn-outline-primary:hover{
    background-color: var(--main-accent);
    color: var(--background) !important;
}

/* Card styling
   Cards use secondary background for visual separation from main background */
.card{
    background-color: var(--background-secondary);
}

/* Shadow utility - uses main accent color for themed shadow effect */
.shadow{
    box-shadow: 0px 0px 20px 1px var(--main-accent) !important;
}

/* Recent Project Cards
   Animation-ready: starts invisible and translated down.
   JavaScript IntersectionObserver adds .fade-in class to trigger animation.
   margin-top: 0 prevents unwanted spacing during animation. */
.recent-project-card {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(15px); /* Initial position - slightly below final position */
    transition: opacity 0.8s ease-out, transform 0.8s ease-out;
    margin-top: 0; /* IMPORTANT: Prevents layout shift during animation */
}

/* Fade-in state - applied by JavaScript when element enters viewport */
.recent-project-card.fade-in {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0); /* Final position */
}

/* Layout Components */

/* Odd-numbered sections - use primary background, full viewport height */
.background-odd{
    background-color: var(--background);
    height: 100vh;
}

/* Even-numbered sections - use secondary background, full viewport height */
.background-even{
    background-color: var(--background-secondary);
    height: 100vh;
}

/* Auto-height container - prevents overflow on small viewports */
.background-auto .container {
    overflow: visible;
    height: auto;
}

/* Portfolio section auto-height
   On mobile (below 768px), sections use auto height to prevent overflow.
   On medium screens and up, sections use full viewport height for full-screen look. */
.portfolio-section-auto {
    height: auto; /* Mobile: auto height */
}

@media screen and (min-width: 768px) {
    .portfolio-section-auto {
        height: 100vh; /* Desktop: full viewport height */
    }
}

/* DYNAMIC HEIGHT LOGIC:
   Prevents footer overlap on pages with long content (like Blogs). 
   Standard sections use 100vh for a 'full-screen' look, but we use the :has() 
   selector to switch to 'auto' height if the blog sidebar or list exists.
   
   Note: :has() is supported in modern browsers (Chrome 105+, Safari 15.4+, Firefox 121+).
   Fallbacks are provided below for older browsers. */
.background-odd:has(#blog-sidebar),
.background-odd:has(#blog-list) {
    height: auto !important;
    min-height: auto !important;
}

/* ========================================
   NAVIGATION
   ======================================== */

/* Navigation bar styling
   Asymmetric padding: more padding on right to balance logo on left */
.navbar{
    background-color: var(--background);
    padding-left: 5% !important;
    padding-right: 10% !important;
}

/* Brand/logo styling */
.navbar-brand{
    font-family: "Red Hat Display";
    color: var(--base-text) !important;
}

/* Navigation links */
.nav-link{
    font-family: "Source Code Pro";
    color: var(--base-text) !important;
}

/* Navigation link hover - color change with slight scale for feedback */
.nav-link:hover{
    color: var(--hover-highlight) !important;
    transition: ease 0.25s;
    transform: scale(1.05) !important;
}

/* Active page indicator - uses hover highlight color */
#Active-Page{
    color: var(--hover-highlight) !important;
}

/* Navbar button (e.g., theme toggle)
   Circular button with border, uses all: unset to reset browser defaults */
.navbar-button{
    all: unset; /* Reset all default styles */
    width: 2em;
    height: 2em;
    border-radius: 50%; /* Perfect circle */
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    font-size: 1.2em;
    color: var(--main-accent);
    background-color: transparent;
    border: 1px solid var(--main-accent);
    transition: background-color 0.3s ease, transform 0.2s ease;
    border: none; /* Note: border is set above but overridden here - may be intentional for theme toggle */
}

/* Navbar button hover - filled background with scale effect */
.navbar-button:hover {
    background-color: var(--main-accent) !important;
    color: var(--hover-highlight) !important;
    transform: scale(1.05) !important;
}

/* Tab styling - custom pill navigation
   Creates a bordered container for tab navigation */
.custom-pills .nav-pills {
    border-style: solid !important;
    border-radius: 25px !important;
    border-width: 2.5px !important;
    border-color: var(--main-accent) !important;
}

/* Individual tab links */
.custom-pills .nav-link {
    font-size: 1.25vw !important;
    border-radius: 25px !important;
    color: var(--main-accent) !important;
    transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out !important; /* Smooth hover effect */
}

/* Tab link hover - maintains accent color */
.custom-pills .nav-link:hover {
    color: var(--main-accent) !important;
}

/* Active tab - filled with accent color, text uses background color for contrast */
.custom-pills .nav-link.active {
    background-color: var(--main-accent) !important;
    color: var(--background) !important;
}

/* ========================================
   HOME PAGE
   ======================================== */

/* Tagline/typewriter effect
   Border-right creates cursor effect, white-space: nowrap prevents wrapping */
#tagline {
    font-family: "Red Hat Display";
    color: var(--main-accent);
    font-size: 1.5vw;
    font-weight: 500;
    border-right: 2px solid var(--table-body-text); /* Cursor effect */
    white-space: nowrap; /* Prevents text wrapping */
    overflow: hidden; /* Hides overflow during animation */
}

/* Recent blogs image - positioned with margins */
.home-page-recent-blogs-image{
    height: auto;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 80%;
    margin-top: 7.5%;
    margin-left: 7.5%;
    margin-bottom: 7.5%;
}

/* SCROLL ANIMATIONS:
   These classes require a JavaScript IntersectionObserver. 
   Initial state is invisible (opacity 0) and shifted; 
   JS adds the .fade-in class when the element enters the viewport.
   
   This pattern is used for:
   - Recent blog posts (slide in from left)
   - Recent project cards (fade up from below)
   - Certifications (slide in from left)
   - Badges (fade up from below)
   - Educational history cards (slide in from left)
*/

/* Recent Blog Posts - slide in from left animation */
.recent-blog-post{
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateX(-50px); /* Start 50px to the left */
    transition: opacity 0.8s ease-out, transform 0.8s ease-out;
    background-color: var(--background-secondary);
    box-shadow: 0 0 8px var(--main-accent); /* Subtle glow effect */
    margin: 1% 0;
}

/* Fade-in state - applied by JavaScript */
.recent-blog-post.fade-in{
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0); /* Note: should be translateX(0) for consistency */
}

/* Recent blog post title */
.recent-blog-post-title{
    margin-top: 0.5%;     
    padding: 1.5% 0 0.5%;
    color: var(--main-accent) !important;
}

/* Recent blog post title link */
.recent-blog-post-title-link{
    color: var(--main-accent);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: ease 0.5s;
}

/* Recent blog post title link hover */
.recent-blog-post-title-link:hover{
    color: var(--hover-highlight);
    transition: ease 0.25s;
}

/* Recent blog post text content */
.recent-blog-post-text{
    padding-bottom: 1.5%;
    padding-right: 1.5%;
}

/* Recent project card image - fixed height for consistency */
.recent-project-card-img{
    height: 150px;
    max-width: 100%;
    width: auto;
}

/* Recent project card title */
.recent-project-card-title{
    margin-top: 2.5%;
}

/* Recent project card text - viewport-relative sizing */
.recent-project-card-text{
    font-size: 0.85vw !important
}

/* Recent project card button - custom styled button */
.recent-project-card-button{
    height: 50px;
    border-style: solid;
    border-color: var(--main-accent);
    color: var(--main-accent);
    border-width: 1px;
    font-family: "Source Code Pro";
    background-color: transparent;
    transition: ease 0.25s;
}

/* Recent project card button hover - filled style */
.recent-project-card-button:hover{
    background-color: var(--main-accent);
    color: var(--background-secondary);
    transition: ease 0.5s;
}

/* ========================================
   ABOUT PAGE
   ======================================== */

/* Typewriter effect container
   Border-right creates blinking cursor, white-space: pre-line preserves line breaks */
#typewriter {
    border-right: 2px solid #000; /* Cursor - note: hardcoded color, consider using CSS variable */
    white-space: pre-line; /* Preserves \n and still wraps text */
    overflow: hidden;
}

/* Blinking cursor animation
   Creates a pulsing effect for the typewriter cursor */
@keyframes blink {
    0% { border-color: transparent; }
    50% { border-color: var(--table-body-text) }
    100% { border-color: transparent; }
}

/* Apply blinking animation to typewriter */
#typewriter {
    animation: blink 0.7s step-end infinite; /* step-end creates sharp on/off effect */
}

/* Skill button - reset all styles for custom button appearance */
.skill-btn{
    all: unset
}

/* Skill button hover - color change on interaction */
.skill-btn:hover{
    color:  var(--hover-highlight);
    transition: all 0.25s;
}

/* Certifications section - slide in from left animation */
.certifications{
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateX(-50px);
    transition: opacity 0.8s ease-out, transform 0.8s ease-out;
    font-size: 1vw;
}

/* Certifications fade-in state */
.certifications.fade-in{
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateX(0);
}

/* Badge container - fade up from below animation */
.badge{
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(50px);
    transition: opacity 0.8s ease-out, transform 0.8s ease-out;
}

/* Badge image - constrained height for consistency */
.badge-image{
    max-height: 80px;
}

/* Badge fade-in state */
.badge.fade-in{
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
}

/* Educational History */

/* Educational history row - full width container */
.educational-history-row{
    width: 100%;
}

/* Educational history card - slide in from left animation */
.educational-history-card{
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateX(-50px);
    transition: opacity 0.8s ease-out, transform 0.8s ease-out;
}

/* Educational history card fade-in state */
.educational-history-card.fade-in{
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateX(0);
}

/* Educational history title - viewport-relative sizing */
.educational-history-title{
    margin-top: 0.5%;
    margin-left: 1.5%;
    font-size: 1.25vw !important;
}

/* Educational history date */
.educational-history-date{
    margin-left: 3.5%;
    font-size: 1vw !important;
    margin-bottom: 0.5%;
}

/* Educational history list items */
.educational-history-list{
    font-size: 1vw !important;
    margin-left: 4%;
}

/* ========================================
   BLOG PAGE
   ======================================== */

/* Sidebar - positioned on left side of blog page */
#blog-sidebar{
    width: 95%;
    padding: 5%;
    margin-right: 15%; /* Creates space between sidebar and main content */
}

/* Search bar container - centers the search input */
.searchbar-container{
    text-align: center;
}

/* Blog search bar - themed input field */
#blog-searchbar{
    background-color: var(--background-even) !important; /* Note: should be var(--background-secondary) */
    border-color: var(--main-accent);
    color: var(--main-accent);
    border-style: solid;
    font-family: "Source Code Pro"
}

/* Sidebar section titles */
.sidebar-title{
    padding-top: 2.5%;
    font-family: "Red Hat Display" !important;
}

/* Sidebar recent blog post titles */
.sidebar-recent-blog-title{
    font-family: "Source Code Pro" !important;
}

/* Custom checkbox styling
   Creates a themed checkbox that matches the site design */
.sidebar-checkbox[type="checkbox"] {
    position: relative;
    height: 25px;
    width: 25px;
    appearance: none; /* Remove default checkbox appearance */
    border: 2px solid var(--main-accent);
    margin-left: 3%;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: background 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease, border 0.2s ease;
}

/* Checkbox focus state - accessibility enhancement
   Provides visible focus indicator for keyboard navigation */
.sidebar-checkbox[type="checkbox"]:focus-visible {
    outline: none;
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(255, 193, 7, 0.6); /* Subtle glow - adjust color/opacity as desired */
}

/* Checkbox checked state - background and border update */
.sidebar-checkbox[type="checkbox"]:checked {
    background-color: var(--background-secondary);
    border: 2px solid var(--main-accent);
}

/* Checkbox tick mark - created with ::after pseudo-element
   Uses Unicode checkmark character (\2713) */
.sidebar-checkbox[type="checkbox"]::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translate(-50%, -50%) scale(0); /* Start scaled to 0 (invisible) */
    transition: transform 0.2s ease;
}

/* Checkbox tick mark when checked - scales to visible */
.sidebar-checkbox[type="checkbox"]:checked::after {
    content: "\2713"; /* Unicode checkmark */
    font-size: 16px;
    color: var(--main-accent);
    font-weight: bold;
    transform: translate(-50%, -50%) scale(1); /* Scale to full size */
    pointer-events: none; /* Prevent interaction with pseudo-element */
}

/* Sidebar filter labels */
.sidebar-labels{
    color: var(--base-text) !important;
    font-family: "Source Code Pro" !important;
    margin-top: 1%;
    margin-left: 2.5%;
    position:relative;
    top: -7px; /* Fine-tune alignment with checkbox */
}

/* Sidebar blog post padding */
.sidebar-blog-post-padding{
    padding: 2.5% 0;
}

/* Sidebar recent blog image */
.sidebar-recent-blog-image{
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 100%;
}

/* Sidebar recent blog title link */
.sidebar-recent-blog-title{
    margin-left: 2.5%;
    font-family: "Source Code Pro";
    text-decoration: none;
    color: var(--base-text) !important;
}

/* Sidebar recent blog title hover */
.sidebar-recent-blog-title:hover{ 
    color: var(--hover-highlight); 
    font-weight: bold;
    transition: ease 0.5s;
}

/* Blog List - main content area */

/* Blog list container - removes default list styling */
#blog-list{
    margin: 0%;
    padding: 0%;
    list-style: none;
}

/* Individual blog post in list */
.blog-post{ 
    border-bottom: solid var(--main-accent); 
    padding: 3% 0; 
}

/* Blog post image */
.blog-post-image{
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 100%;
}

/* Blog post title - smooth transition for hover */
.blog-post-title{ 
    transition: ease 0.5s;
}

/* Blog post title hover */
.blog-post-title:hover{ 
    color: var(--hover-highlight) !important; 
    transition: ease 0.5s;
}

/* Blog post title link - inherits color from parent */
.blog-post-title-line{ 
    color: inherit; 
    text-decoration: none; 
}

/* Blog post date */
.blog-post-date{
    font-family: "Red Hat Display";
    color: var(--main-accent);
}

/* Blog page specific layout fixes
   These rules prevent footer overlap on blog pages with long content */

/* Auto-height background with padding */
.background-odd.background-auto {
    min-height: auto !important;
    padding-bottom: 2rem !important;
}

/* Footer spacing after auto-height sections */
.background-odd.background-auto + footer {
    margin-top: 2rem !important;
}

/* Alternative approach: target blog page structure directly */
.blog-index-page .background-odd,
.blog-index-page .background-odd.background-auto {
    min-height: auto !important;
    padding-bottom: 2rem !important;
}

/* Target the blog page container specifically using :has() */
.background-odd:has(.container) {
    min-height: auto !important;
    padding-bottom: 2rem !important;
}

/* Fallback for browsers that don't support :has() */
.background-odd .container {
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

/* Blog index page specific fixes */
.blog-index-page .background-odd {
    min-height: auto !important;
    height: auto !important;
    padding-bottom: 3rem !important;
}

/* Blog index page footer positioning */
.blog-index-page footer {
    margin-top: 2rem !important;
    position: relative !important;
    clear: both !important;
}

/* Alternative approach: target blog page elements directly */
#blog-sidebar + .col-sm-8,
#blog-sidebar ~ .col-sm-8 {
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

/* Target blog page structure using more specific selectors with :has() */
.background-odd:has(#blog-sidebar) {
    min-height: auto !important;
    height: auto !important;
    padding-bottom: 3rem !important;
}

/* Fallback for browsers without :has() support */
.background-odd #blog-sidebar {
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

/* Blog list container spacing */
.background-odd #blog-list {
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

/* Ensure footer spacing on blog pages */
.background-odd + footer {
    margin-top: 2rem !important;
}

/* Additional footer positioning fixes
   Ensures footer is properly positioned and doesn't overlap content */
footer {
    position: relative !important;
    clear: both !important;
    width: 100% !important;
    z-index: 1 !important;
}

/* Blog page footer specific spacing */
.background-odd:has(#blog-sidebar) + footer,
.background-odd #blog-sidebar ~ footer {
    margin-top: 3rem !important;
}

/* ========================================
   PROJECTS PAGE
   ======================================== */

/* Project page introduction text */
#project-page-intro-section-text{ 
    padding-top: 1.5%; 
    font-size: 1vw; 
}

/* Project card image background - black for contrast */
.project-page-project-card-image-background{
    background-color: black;
    justify-content: center;
}

/* Project card image - fixed height with object-fit for consistent sizing */
.project-page-project-card-image{
    height: 185px;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 100%;
    width: auto; /* Note: width is set twice - second declaration overrides */
    object-fit: cover; /* Ensures image fills container without distortion */
}

/* Project card title */
.project-page-project-card-title{
    padding-top: 5%;
    padding-bottom: 2.5%;
}

/* Project card title link */
.project-page-project-card-title-link{ 
    text-decoration: none; 
    color: var(--main-accent) !important;
}

/* Project card title link hover */
.project-page-project-card-title-link:hover{ 
    color: var(--hover-highlight); 
}

/* Project card text */
.project-page-project-card-text{ 
    color: var(--main-accent); 
    font-size: 0.85vw !important;
}

/* ========================================
   CONTACT PAGE
   ======================================== */

/* Contact page list - removes default list styling */
#contact-page-list{ 
    list-style: none; 
}

/* Contact page list link */
.contact-page-list-link{ 
    color: var(--base-text); 
    text-decoration: none; 
}

/* Contact page list link hover */
.contact-page-list-link:hover{ 
    color: var(--hover-highlight); 
    transition: ease-in 0.3s; 
}

/* Contact page list item spacing */
.contact-page-list-item{ 
    margin-bottom: 7.5%; 
}

/* Contact page icon background
   Circular icon container with border, similar to navbar-button */
.contact-page-icon-background{
    margin-right: 3% !important;
    all: unset; /* Reset all default styles */
    width: 2em;
    height: 2em;
    border-radius: 50%; /* Perfect circle */
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    font-size: 1.2em;
    color: var(--main-accent);
    background-color: transparent;
    border: 1px solid var(--main-accent);
    transition: background-color 0.3s ease, transform 0.2s ease;
    border: none; /* Note: border is set above but overridden here */
}

/* Contact page icon hover */
.contact-page-icon-background:hover{
    background-color: var(--main-accent) !important;
    color: var(--hover-highlight) !important;
    transform: scale(1.05) !important;
}

/* Footer - Contact page footer list */
#contact-footer-list{ 
    list-style: none; 
    margin-left: -5%; /* Negative margin for alignment */
}

/* Contact footer list link */
.contact-footer-list-link{ 
    color: var(--base-text); 
    text-decoration: none;
}

/* Contact footer list link hover */
.contact-footer-list-link:hover{ 
    color: var(--hover-highlight); 
    transition: ease 0.3s !important;
}

/* Contact footer list item */
.contact-footer-list-item{ 
    margin-bottom: 7.5%; 
    font-size: 1vw; 
}

/* Contact footer icon background - same styling as contact-page-icon-background */
.contact-footer-icon-background{
    margin-right: 3% !important;
    all: unset;
    width: 2em;
    height: 2em;
    border-radius: 50%;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    font-size: 1.2em;
    color: var(--main-accent);
    background-color: transparent;
    border: 1px solid var(--main-accent);
    transition: background-color 0.3s ease, transform 0.2s ease;
    border: none;
}

/* Contact footer icon hover */
.contact-footer-icon-background:hover{
    background-color: var(--main-accent) !important;
    color: var(--hover-highlight) !important;
    transform: scale(1.05) !important;
}

/* Footer positioning and spacing fixes
   Ensures footer is properly positioned across all pages */
footer {
    position: relative;
    clear: both;
    width: 100%;
    z-index: 1;
}

/* Ensure proper spacing above footer using ::before pseudo-element */
footer:before {
    content: '';
    display: block;
    height: 2rem;
    clear: both;
}

/* ========================================
   INDIVIDUAL POST PAGES (BLOG & PORTFOLIO)
   ======================================== */

/* Breadcrumbs - navigation trail styling */
.breadcrumb-item::before{ 
    color: var(--base-text) !important; 
}

.breadcrumb-item{ 
    color: var(--base-text) !important; 
}

.breadcrumb-item-link{ 
    color: var(--base-text) !important; 
}

.breadcrumb-item-link:hover{ 
    color: var(--hover-highlight) !important; 
    transition: ease 0.3s; 
}

/* Post Header */

/* Individual post page title */
.indivual-post-page-title{ 
    padding-top: 0.5%;
}

/* Individual post page date */
.indivual-post-page-date{
    margin: 0;
    margin: 1.5% 0; /* Note: margin: 0 is overridden by next line */
    font-family: "Red Hat Display";
    color: var(--main-accent);
}

/* Individual post page topics/tags */
.indivual-post-page-topics{
    color: var(--main-accent);
    position: relative;
    top: 5px; /* Fine-tune vertical positioning */
    margin-top: 1%;
    margin-bottom: 3.5%;
}

/* Individual post page header image background */
.indivual-post-page-header-image-background{
    background-color: white; /* Note: hardcoded color, consider using CSS variable */
    justify-content: center;
}

/* Individual post page header image */
.indivual-post-page-header-image{
    height: auto;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
}

/* Individual post page content images */
.indivual-post-page-image{
    height: auto;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 90%; /* Slightly smaller than container for visual breathing room */
}

/* Blog post page heading */
.blog-post-page-heading{ 
    text-align: left; 
    margin-bottom: 2.5%;
}

/* Portfolio post page heading */
.portfolio-post-page-heading{ 
    text-align: left; 
}

/* Post Content Backgrounds
   Alternating backgrounds for post content sections */

/* Odd-numbered content sections */
.blog-post-background-odd{
    min-height: 50vh;
    background-color: var(--background-odd); /* Note: should be var(--background) */
    padding-left: 5%;
    padding-right: 5%;
    padding-bottom: 5%;
    line-height: 1.6; /* Improved readability */
}

/* Even-numbered content sections */
.blog-post-background-even{
    min-height: 50vh;
    background-color: var(--background-secondary);
    padding-left: 5%;
    padding-right: 5%;
    padding-bottom: 5%;
    line-height: 1.6; /* Improved readability */
}

/* ========================================
   COMPONENTS
   ======================================== */

/* Popovers - Bootstrap popover component theming */

/* Base popover styling
   Overrides Bootstrap's default colors to match site theme */
.popover {
    background-color: var(--background-secondary);
    color: var(--base-text);
    border: 2px solid var(--border);

    /* Bootstrap CSS variable overrides for theming */
    --bs-popover-bg: var(--background-secondary);
    --bs-popover-border-color: var(--border);
    --bs-popover-arrow-border: var(--border);
    --bs-popover-arrow-bg: var(--background-secondary);
}

/* Popover header */
.popover-header {
  background-color: var(--background-secondary);
  color: var(--base-text);
}

/* Popover arrow container */
.popover .popover-arrow {
  width: 1rem;
  height: 0.5rem;
}

/* Popover arrow styling for all directions
   Bootstrap uses ::before for outer border and ::after for inner fill
   This ensures the arrow matches the popover border and background */

/* Top arrow */
.popover.bs-popover-top > .popover-arrow::before {
  border-top-color: var(--border) !important;
}
.popover.bs-popover-top > .popover-arrow::after {
  border-top-color: var(--background-secondary) !important;
}

/* Bottom arrow */
.popover.bs-popover-bottom > .popover-arrow::before {
  border-bottom-color: var(--border) !important;
}
.popover.bs-popover-bottom > .popover-arrow::after {
  border-bottom-color: var(--background-secondary) !important;
}

/* Start (left in LTR) arrow */
.popover.bs-popover-start > .popover-arrow::before {
  border-left-color: var(--border) !important;
}
.popover.bs-popover-start > .popover-arrow::after {
  border-left-color: var(--background-secondary) !important;
}

/* End (right in LTR) arrow */
.popover.bs-popover-end > .popover-arrow::before {
  border-right-color: var(--border) !important;
}
.popover.bs-popover-end > .popover-arrow::after {
  border-right-color: var(--background-secondary) !important;
}

/* Timeline - vertical timeline component for displaying chronological content */

/* Timeline container */
.timeline {
    position: relative;
    margin: 2rem 0;
    padding: 1rem 0;
}

/* Timeline vertical line - created with ::before pseudo-element
   Starts at 0% height and animates to full height via JavaScript */
.timeline::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%); /* Centers the line */
    width: 4px;
    height: 0%; /* Initial state - JavaScript animates this */
    background-color: var(--background-secondary);
    transition: height 0.5s ease-out;
}

/* Timeline item container */
.timeline-item {
    position: relative;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

/* Timeline dot/marker
   Positioned on the vertical line, animated on scroll */
.timeline-item .timeline-dot {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translate(-50%, -50%); /* Centers on the line */
    width: 1rem;
    height: 1rem;
    background-color: var(--main-accent);
    border-radius: 50%; /* Perfect circle */
    z-index: 1; /* Above the line */
    border: 3px solid var(--background-secondary); /* Creates ring effect */
    box-shadow: 0 0 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
    opacity: 0;
    animation: fadeInDot 0.5s ease-out forwards;
    animation-delay: 0.5s;
    animation-play-state: paused; /* JavaScript starts animation */
}

/* Timeline card - content card for each timeline item */
.timeline-item .card {
    width: 45%; /* Leaves space for alternating left/right layout */
    background-color: var(--background-secondary);
    box-shadow: 0 0 8px var(--main-accent);
    opacity: 0;
    transition: opacity .6s ease-out, transform .6s ease-out;
    transform: translateY(30px); /* Starts slightly below */
}

/* Left-aligned timeline card */
.timeline-item.left .card {
    margin-right: auto;
}

/* Right-aligned timeline card */
.timeline-item.right .card {
    margin-left: auto;
}

/* Timeline card animation states - applied by JavaScript */

/* Card sliding in from left */
.timeline-card.from-left {
    transform: translateX(-50px) translateY(0);
}

/* Card sliding in from right */
.timeline-card.from-right {
    transform: translateX(50px) translateY(0);
}

/* Card visible state - final position */
.timeline-card.visible {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateX(0) translateY(0);
}

/* Timeline dot fade-in animation */
@keyframes fadeInDot {
    0% {
        opacity: 0;
        transform: translate(-50%, -50%) scale(0); /* Start invisible and scaled down */
    }
    100% {
        opacity: 1;
        transform: translate(-50%, -50%) scale(1); /* End visible and full size */
    }
}

/* Enable timeline dot animation when .animate-line class is added */
.timeline.animate-line .timeline-item .timeline-dot {
    animation-play-state: running;
}

/* Staggered animation delays for multiple timeline items */
.timeline-item:nth-child(1) .timeline-dot {
    animation-delay: 0.5s;
}
.timeline-item:nth-child(2) .timeline-dot {
    animation-delay: 1.5s;
}
.timeline-item:nth-child(3) .timeline-dot {
    animation-delay: 2.5s;
}
.timeline-item:nth-child(4) .timeline-dot {
    animation-delay: 3.5s;
}

/* Tables - styled data tables */

/* Base table styling */
table{
    background-color: var(--table-body-background);
    border-color: var(--table-header-background) !important;
    width: 100%;
    font-size: 1vw; /* Viewport-relative sizing */
}

/* Table header cells */
th{
    height: 5vh; /* Viewport-relative height */
    text-align: center !important;
    background-color: var(--table-header-background);
}

/* Table title text - uses heading font */
.table-title-text{
    color: var(--table-header-text);
    font-family: "Red Hat Display";
}

/* Table cells - consistent styling */
table, th, td {
    text-align: center;
    color: var(--table-body-text);
    border: 1px solid !important;
    border-color: var(--table-header-background) !important;
}

/* Topics/Tags - badge-style topic indicators */

/* General topic badge */
.topic{
    border-style: solid;
    padding: 1% 2.5%;
    font-size: 10px;
}

/* Post topic badge - smaller variant */
.post-topic{
    border-style: solid;
    padding: 0.5% 1%;
    font-size: 10px;
}

/* Carousel - Bootstrap carousel component theming */

/* SVG ICON MASKING:
   Instead of using standard Bootstrap image assets, we use CSS masks 
   on inline SVGs. This allows us to dynamically change the arrow color 
   using our CSS variables (var(--background-secondary)).
   
   This approach provides:
   - Theme-aware carousel controls
   - No need for separate image assets
   - Easy color customization via CSS variables
*/

/* Base reset for carousel control icons */
.carousel-control-prev-icon,
.carousel-control-next-icon {
  background-image: none !important; /* Remove Bootstrap's default image */
  width: 2rem;
  height: 2rem;
  background-color: var(--background-secondary) !important; /* Color of the icon */
  -webkit-mask-size: 100% 100%; /* Webkit prefix for older Safari */
  -webkit-mask-repeat: no-repeat;
  mask-size: 100% 100%; /* Standard property */
  mask-repeat: no-repeat;
}

/* Previous arrow icon - left-pointing chevron */
.carousel-control-prev-icon {
  -webkit-mask-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' fill='black' viewBox='0 0 16 16'%3E%3Cpath d='M11.354 1.646a.5.5 0 0 1 0 .708L5.707 8l5.647 5.646a.5.5 0 0 1-.708.708l-6-6a.5.5 0 0 1 0-.708l6-6a.5.5 0 0 1 .708 0z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
  mask-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' fill='black' viewBox='0 0 16 16'%3E%3Cpath d='M11.354 1.646a.5.5 0 0 1 0 .708L5.707 8l5.647 5.646a.5.5 0 0 1-.708.708l-6-6a.5.5 0 0 1 0-.708l6-6a.5.5 0 0 1 .708 0z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
}

/* Next arrow icon - right-pointing chevron */
.carousel-control-next-icon {
  -webkit-mask-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' fill='black' viewBox='0 0 16 16'%3E%3Cpath d='M4.646 1.646a.5.5 0 0 1 .708 0l6 6a.5.5 0 0 1 0 .708l-6 6a.5.5 0 0 1-.708-.708L10.293 8 4.646 2.354a.5.5 0 0 1 0-.708z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
  mask-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' fill='black' viewBox='0 0 16 16'%3E%3Cpath d='M4.646 1.646a.5.5 0 0 1 .708 0l6 6a.5.5 0 0 1 0 .708l-6 6a.5.5 0 0 1-.708-.708L10.293 8 4.646 2.354a.5.5 0 0 1 0-.708z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
}

/* Carousel indicators - dot navigation */
.carousel-indicators [data-bs-target] {
  background-color: var(--main-accent) !important;
  width: 10px !important;
  height: 10px !important;
  border-radius: 50%; /* Perfect circles */
  opacity: 1; /* Prevent Bootstrap's default fading effect */
}

/* Carousel control buttons - previous and next */
.carousel-control-prev,
.carousel-control-next {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  width: 8%; /* Clickable area width */
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  opacity: 1; /* Always visible (Bootstrap defaults to 0.5) */
}

/* Active carousel indicator */
.carousel-indicators .active {
  background-color: var(--main-accent) !important;
}

/* Carousel inner container - maintains aspect ratio */
.carousel-inner {
  aspect-ratio: 16 / 9; /* Standard widescreen ratio - adjust if needed */
  width: 100%;
}

/* ========================================
   RESPONSIVE DESIGN
   ======================================== */

/* ULTRA-WIDE (4K) SUPPORT:
   On screens 2560px and wider, standard font sizes and card heights 
   can look 'lost'. These overrides scale up typography and images 
   proportionally to maintain the intended visual impact.
   
   Breakpoint: 2560px (typical 4K monitor width)
*/
@media screen and (min-width: 2560px) {
    /* Typography - maintain font families and colors */
    h1, h2, h3, h5{
        font-family: "Red Hat Display";
        color: var(--main-accent) !important;
    }

    h1{ padding-top: 10%;}
    h2{ padding-top: 2.5%;}

    ul{ color: var(--base-text);}
    li{ font-family: "Source Code Pro";}

    p{
        font-family: "Source Code Pro";
        color: var(--base-text);
    }

    a{ color: var(--main-accent) !important; }
    a:hover{ color: var(--hover-highlight) !important; }

    b{ font-family: "Source Code Pro"; }

    blockquote{
        font-family: "Source Code Pro";
    }

    /* Larger card titles for better visibility */
    .recent-project-card-title{font-size: 1.2vw !important;}

    .project-page-project-card-title{font-size: 1vw !important;}

    /* Larger images for better visual impact */
    .recent-project-card-img{
        height: 400px !important;
    }

    .recent-project-card-button{
        height: 85px !important;
        font-size: 1vw !important;
    }

    .project-page-project-card-image{
        height: 400px !important;
    }
}

/* Large Desktop (1400px and up)
   Bootstrap's xxl breakpoint - optimizations for large screens */
@media screen and (min-width: 1400px) {
    /* Tighter blog post spacing */
    .recent-blog-post {
        margin-top: 0.5%;
        margin-bottom: 0.5%;
    }

    /* Adjusted image sizing */
    .home-page-recent-blogs-image {
        height: auto;
        width: 100%;
        max-width: 70%; /* Slightly smaller than default 80% */
        justify-content: center;
        margin-top: 7.5%;
        margin-left: 7.5%;
        margin-bottom: 7.5%;
    }

    /* Larger project card images */
    .recent-project-card-img{
        height: 300px !important;
    }

    .project-page-project-card-image{
        height: 250px;
    }
}

/* Timeline responsive adjustments
   Breakpoint: 991px (Bootstrap's lg breakpoint)
   Switches from centered vertical line to left-aligned for better mobile experience */
@media (max-width: 991px) {
    /* Move timeline line to left side */
    .timeline::before {
        left: 8px;
    }
    /* Move timeline dots to left side */
    .timeline-item .timeline-dot {
        left: 8px;
    }
    /* Full-width cards with left margin */
    .timeline-item .card {
        width: 95%;
        margin-left: 2rem; /* Space for the timeline line */
    }
    /* Remove left/right distinction - all cards align left */
    .timeline-item.left .card,
    .timeline-item.right .card {
        margin: 0 0 0 2rem;
    }
}

/* Tablet (768px and down)
   Bootstrap's md breakpoint - tablet and small laptop optimizations */
@media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
    /* Auto-height backgrounds for better content flow */
    .auto-background-md {
        height: auto;
        padding-bottom: 3%;
    }
    
    /* Constrain carousel image height */
    .carousel-item img {
        max-height: 300px;
    }
    
    /* Wider carousel controls for easier tapping */
    .carousel-control-prev,
    .carousel-control-next {
        width: 10%;
    }
    
    /* Slightly smaller carousel control icons */
    .carousel-control-prev-icon,
    .carousel-control-next-icon {
        width: 1.5rem;
        height: 1.5rem;
    }
}

/* Mobile (576px and down)
   Bootstrap's sm breakpoint - mobile phone optimizations
   This is the most comprehensive responsive section */
@media screen and (max-width: 576px) {
    /* Typography - viewport-relative sizing for scalability */
    h1 { font-size: 6vw !important; padding-top: 0%; }
    h2 { font-size: 4.5vw !important; }
    h3 { font-size: 3vw !important; }
    p { font-size: 2.75vw !important; }
    li { font-size: 3.5vw !important; }
    blockquote{font-size: 4.5vw !important;}

    /* Layout - remove navbar padding for more space */
    .navbar {
        padding-left: 0 !important;
        padding-right: 0 !important;
    }
    
    /* Auto-height backgrounds */
    .auto-background-sm {
        height: auto;
        padding-bottom: 5%;
    }

    /* Smaller tab navigation font */
    .custom-pills .nav-link {
        font-size: 1.5vw !important;
        border-radius: 25px !important;
    }

    /* Blog Components - increased spacing and adjusted sizing */
    .recent-blog-post{
        margin-bottom: 5%;
    }

    .recent-blog-post-title {
        margin-left: 4%;
        margin-right: 4%;
        padding-left: 0%;
        font-size: 4.5vw !important;
    }

    .recent-blog-post-text {
        margin-left: 4%;
        margin-right: 4%;
        font-size: 2.4vw !important;
    }

    /* Tables - larger font for readability */
    table { font-size: 2.5vw; }
    th { height: 3.75vh; }

    /* Project Cards - adjusted sizing and spacing */
    .recent-project-card{margin-bottom: 5%;}
    .recent-project-card-title { font-size: 3.8vw !important; }
    .recent-project-card-text { font-size: 2.4vw !important; }

    /* Tagline - smaller font */
    #tagline{
        font-size: 3vw;
    }

    /* About Page - educational history adjustments */
    .educational-history-card{padding: 2%;}
    .educational-history-title { font-size: 3.75vw !important; }
    .educational-history-date { font-size: 2.75vw !important; }
    .educational-history-list { font-size: 2.5vw !important; }

    /* Blog Page - full-width sidebar, adjusted typography */
    #blog-sidebar {
        width: 100%;
        height: auto;
        margin-bottom: 5%;
        margin-right: 0; /* Remove right margin on mobile */
    }

    .sidebar-labels { font-size: 3vw; }
    .sidebar-recent-blog {
        padding: 0;
        padding-top: 1%;
        padding-bottom: 1%;
    }
    .sidebar-recent-blog-title { font-size: 2vw !important; }
    .sidebar-title { font-size: 2.75vw !important; }
    .blog-post-title { font-size: 3.6vw !important; }
    .blog-post-date { font-size: 2vw !important; }
    .blog-post-description { font-size: 2vw !important; }

    /* Blog layout mobile fixes - prevent footer overlap */
    .background-odd.background-auto {
        padding-bottom: 3rem !important;
        margin-bottom: 1rem !important;
    }

    /* Ensure footer doesn't overlap on mobile */
    footer {
        margin-top: 2rem !important;
        position: relative !important;
    }

    /* Blog post spacing on mobile */
    .blog-post {
        margin-bottom: 1rem;
    }

    /* Blog list container spacing */
    #blog-list {
        margin-bottom: 2rem;
    }

    /* Bootstrap grid fixes for mobile - stack columns */
    .col-sm-4, .col-sm-8 {
        width: 100% !important;
        margin-bottom: 2rem;
    }

    /* Container spacing on mobile */
    .container {
        padding-bottom: 2rem;
    }

    /* Row spacing on mobile */
    .row {
        margin-bottom: 1rem;
    }

    /* Project Page - image and text adjustments */
    .project-page-project-card-image-background {
        background-color: black;
        justify-content: center;
    }

    .project-page-project-card-image {
        max-width: 100%;
        width: auto;
    }

    .project-page-project-card-title { font-size: 3.4vw !important; }
    .project-page-project-card-text { font-size: 2.4vw !important; }

    /* Hobbies Page - image adjustments */
    .hobbies-page-image {
        height: auto;
        width: 100%;
        max-width: 100%;
        padding: 5% 0;
    }

    /* Contact Page - typography and icon sizing */
    .contact-page-list-item { font-size: 3.75vw; }
    .contact-page-icon-background {
        font-size: 4vw;
        padding: 2.5% 3.5%;
    }
    #contact-page-button { font-size: 2.75vw; }

    /* Individual Post Pages - breadcrumbs, dates, topics, images */
    .breadcrumb-item { font-size: 2.5vw !important; }
    .indivual-post-page-date { font-size: 3vw !important; }
    .indivual-post-page-topics {
        font-size: 2.5vw !important;
        margin-bottom: 5% !important;
    }

    .indivual-post-page-header-image-background {
        background-color: white;
        justify-content: center;
        margin-bottom: 5%;
    }
    
    .indivual-post-page-header-image {
        height: auto;
        width: 100%;
    }

    .indivual-post-page-image{
        height: auto;
        width: 95%; /* Slightly smaller for visual breathing room */
        max-width: 100%;
    }

    /* Carousel adjustments for mobile - smaller images and indicators */
    .carousel-item img { max-height: 250px; }
    .carousel-indicators { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
    .carousel-indicators [data-bs-target] {
        width: 20px; /* Wider for easier tapping */
        height: 2px; /* Thinner for less visual weight */
    }
}